SEASONAL OCCURRENCE AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF THE BIRDS OF EMERALDA MARSH CONSERVATION AREA.
This list is based on my observations only, which have occurred mostly in the Lake Griffin Flow-way (Area 3) and the Long Farm
section (Area 5). A few of the species below have been seen at locations on EMCA other than these.

HABITATS: H – hammock; F – field, successional, disturbed upland (non-aquatic) habitats; M – marsh, or at edges of canals or impoundments; W – open water of impoundments, canals, or Lake Griffin; L – on levee roads; E – ecotonal – at edges of two habitats.

ABUNDANCE: R - rare – seen (or heard) on only one or two occasions; U – uncommon – seen (or heard) occasionally in the appropriate habitat, but not on each census; C – common – seen (or heard) in small numbers (20 or fewer) in appropriate habitat on nearly every census; A - abundant – seen (or heard) in large numbers (more than 20) in appropriate habitat on nearly every census. N – not observed.

SEASONS: Divisions between seasons are based on my impressions of the timing of changes in the bird fauna. Winter – November-February; Spring – March – May; Summer – June-mid-August; Fall – mid-August – October.

SPECIES	HABITATS	WINTER	SPRING	SUMMER	FALL
Pied-billed Grebe	W, M	A	U	U	C
Horned Grebe	W	R	N	N	N
Double-crested Cormorant	W	A	C	C	A
Anhinga	W,M,H	A	A	A	A
American White Pelican	W	U	U	N	N
Great Blue Heron	M	A	A	A	A
Green Heron	M	U	C	C	C
Little Blue Heron	M	C	C	C	C
Cattle Egret	M,L	U	A	A	A
Great Egret	M	A	A	A	A
Snowy Egret	M	C	C	C	C
Tricolored Heron	M	C	C	C	C
Black-crowned Night-Heron	M	C	C	C	C
Least Bittern	M	N	U	C	U
American Bittern	M	U	N	N	U
Yellow-crowned Night-Heron	M	N	U	U	U
Wood Stork	M	C	N	N	U
Glossy Ibis	M	A	A	A	A
White Ibis	M	A	A	A	A
Roseate Spoonbill	M	N	N	N	R
Mallard	W	U	N	N	U
Mottled Duck	W	U	U	U	U
Gadwall	W	U	N	N	U
Northern Pintail	W	U	N	N	U
Green-winged Teal	W	C	U	N	C
Blue-winged Teal	W	A	A	N	A
American Wigeon	W	U	U	N	U
Northern Shoveler	W	U	U	N	U
Wood Duck	W	A	U	U	A
Ring-necked Duck	W	A	U	N	A
Redhead	W	R	N	N	R
Lesser Scaup	W	U	U	N	U
Hooded Merganser	W	U	N	N	U
Red-breasted Merganser	w	R	N	N	N
Ruddy Duck	W	U	U	N	U
Bufflehead	W	R	N	N	R
Fulvous Whistling Duck	W,M	U	U	U	U
Black-bellied Whistling Duck	W	U	C	C	C
Turkey Vulture	ALL	A	C	C	A
Black Vulture	ALL	C	U	U	C
Sharp-shinned Hawk	H,F,M,L.E	U	U	N	U
Cooper's Hawk	H,F,M,L,E	U	U	N	U
Red-tailed Hawk	H,F,M,L,E	C	U	U	U
Red-shouldered Hawk	H,F,M,L,E	C	C	C	C
Short-tailed Hawk	H,F	N	N	N	R
Bald Eagle	W,M	U	U	U	U
Northern Harrier	M,F	C	U	N	C
Osprey	W,M	C	C	C	C
American Kestrel	H,F,M,L,E	U	N	N	U
Merlin	M	N	R	N	N
Peregrine Falcon	M	R	N	N	N
Northern Bobwhite	F,E	U	C	U	U
Sandhill Crane	F,M	U	U	U	U
Limpkin	W,M	U	U	U	U
King Rail	M	R	R	R	R
Sora	M	U	U	N	U
Purple Swamphen	M	N	N	N	R
Purple Gallinule	M,W	U	C	C	U
Moorhen	M,W	A	A	A	A
American Coot	M,W	A	U	U	A
Killdeer	M,F,L	U	U	U	U
Common Snipe	M	C	U	N	C
Greater Yellowlegs	M,W	U	U	N	U
Lesser Yellowlegs	M,W	U	U	N	U
Least Sandpiper	M,W	U	U	N	U
Black-necked Stilt	M,W	N	C	C	N
Short-billed Dowitcher	M,W	U	U	N	U
Solitary Sandpiper	M	R	R	N	R
Pectoral Sandpiper	M	N	R	N	N
Stilt Sandpiper	M	N	R	N	N
Dunlin	M	N	R	N	N
Ring-billed Gull	M,W,L	C	C	N	C
Bonaparte’s Gull	M,W	R	N	N	N
Laughing Gull	M,W	N	N	R	N
Forster's Tern	M, W	U	U	N	U
Caspian Tern	M,W	U	U	N	U
Black Tern	M,W	N	N	R	N
Black Skimmer	W	N	N	N	R
Eurasian Collared Dove	F,L	U	U	U	U
Mourning Dove	F,L,H,E	C	C	C	C
Common Ground-Dove	F,L,E	U	U	U	U
Yellow-billed Cuckoo	H	N	U	U	N
Eastern Screech-Owl	H	U	U	U	U
Barred Owl	H	U	U	U	U
Great Horned Owl	H	R	R	R	R
Barn Owl	F	N	R	N	N
Chuck-will's-widow	H	N	U	U	N
Common Nighthawk	ALL	N	U	U	N
Chimney Swift	ALL	N	U	U	N
Ruby-throated Hummingbird	H,E,L	N	U	U	N
Belted Kingfisher	M,W	C	U	U	C
Common Flicker	H,E	U	U	U	U
Pileated Woodpecker	H	U	U	U	U
Red-bellied Woodpecker	H	C	C	C	C
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker	H	U	N	N	U
Downy Woodpecker	H	C	C	C	C
Red-headed Woodpecker	H,F	N	N	N	R
Eastern Kingbird	F,M,E	N	U	U	N
Western Kingbird	M	N	N	N	R
Great Crested Flycatcher	H	N	C	C	N
Ash-throated Flycatcher	H,E	N	R	N	N
Eastern Phoebe	H,M,F,E	A	U	U	A
Scissor-tailed Flycatcher	H,F,E	N	N	N	R
Empidonax sp	H,F,E	N	N	U	N
Tree Swallow	M,F,E	A	C	N	A
Barn Swallow	M,F,E	N	U	U	N
Cliff Swallow	M,F,E	N	N	U	N
Purple Martin	M,F,E	N	U	U	N
Rough-winged Swallow	M,F,E	N	U	U	N
Blue Jay	H,E	C	C	C	C
Fish Crow	H,M,E,F,L	U	U	U	U
Common Crow	H,M,E,F,L	U	U	U	U
Tufted Titmouse	H,E	U	U	U	U
Carolina Chickadee	H,E	R	N	N	R
House Wren	M,E,H	C	U	A	C
Carolina Wren	H,F,E	C	C	C	C
Marsh Wren	M	U	U	N	U
Sedge Wren	M	U	U	N	U
Northern Mockingbird	F,E,M	C	C	C	C
Gray Catbird	H,E	U	U	C	U
Brown Thrasher	H,E	U	U	U	U
American Robin	H,F,E,L	C	U	N	U
Hermit Thrush	H	U	U	N	U
Swainson’s Thrush	H,E	N	N	N	R
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher	H,E	C	U	N	C
Ruby-crowned Kinglet	H,E	C	U	N	C
American Pipit	L,M,F	R	N	N	R
Cedar Waxwing	H,E	U	U	N	U
Loggerhead Shrike	F,E	U	U	U	U
European Starling	L,F,E	U	U	U	U
White-eyed Vireo	H,E,F	U	C	U	U
Solitary Vireo	H,E	U	U	N	U
Red-eyed Vireo	H	N	U	U	N
Prothonotary Warbler	H,E	U	R	U	N
Black-and-white Warbler	H,E	U	N	U	U
Orange-crowned Warbler	H,F,E	U	U	N	U
Blue-winged warbler	H,E	N	N	N	U
Northern Parula	H	R	C	C	U
Yellow-rumped Warbler	H,E,F	A	U	N	A
Yellow-throated Warbler	H,E	R	R	U	U
Pine Warbler	H,E	R	N	N	R
Prairie Warbler	H,E,F	U	U	U	U
Magnolia Warbler	H,E	N	U	N	U
Palm Warbler	H,E,F	C	U	N	C
Black-throated Green Warbler	H,E	N	N	N	R
Black-throated Blue Warbler	H,E,	N	N	N	U
Wilson’s Warbler	H,E,F	N	R	N	R
Ovenbird	H,E	U	U	N	U
Northern Waterthrush	H,E	U	N	N	U
Louisiana Waterthrush	H,E,	U	N	N	U
Common Yellowthroat	M,F,E	C	C	C	C
American Redstart	H,E	N	U	N	U
Yellow Warbler	H,E	N	N	N	C
Yellow-breasted Chat	F	R	U	U	R
Nashville Warbler	H,E	R	N	N	N
House Sparrow	E	R	R	R	R
Bobolink	M,F,E,L	N	C	N	N
Eastern Meadowlark	F	R	R	R	R
Red-winged Blackbird	M,F,E,H	A	A	A	A
Boat-tailed Grackle	M,F,E,H	A	A	A	A
Common Grackle	H, E	U	U	U	U
Rusty Blackbird	M,E	R	R	N	R
Brown-headed Cowbird	H,E,F	R	N	R	R
Northern Cardinal	H,E,F	A	A	A	A
Blue Grosbeak	F,E	N	U	U	N
Painted Bunting	H,E,F	U	U	U	U
Indigo Bunting	F,E	N	U	U	U
American Goldfinch	H,F,E	U	U	N	U
Rufous-sided Towhee	H,F,E	R	R	R	R
Savannah Sparrow	F,E,M,L	C	U	N	C
Chipping Sparrow	F,E,L,H	R	R	N	R
Field Sparrow	F,E	R	N	N	N
White-crowned Sparrow	F,E	U	U	N	U
White-throated Sparrow	H,E	U	U	N	U
Swamp Sparrow	M,F,E	C	C	N	C
Song Sparrow	H,E	U	U	N	U
LeConte’s Sparrow	F	R	N	N	N
Henslow’s Sparrow	F	R	N	N	N
Lincoln’s Sparrow	H,E	R	N	N	N
Lapland Longspur	L	R	N	N	N

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