In Johnson v. De Soto County Board of Commissioners, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit upheld the district court’s reliance on non-census data to conclude that blacks could not, as of the time of trial, constitute a majority of the voters in a single-member district — an essential element of a racial vote-dilution claim. The trial court credited testimony of the defendants’ experts that, based on extrapolations from current voter-registration data, demographic changes in the eight years following the 1990 census had eliminated the possibility that a majority-black district could be established in the county. Whether the estimation process employed in De Soto County will be useful to future litigants depends on the degree to which the challenged jurisdiction has experienced significant demographic changes since April 1, 2000, the date of the most recent census.