To date, the Roberts Court has rendered three opinions that utilize empirical data to protect children. These decisions are based on social science research and “common sense” concerning children’s physical and psychological vulnerability to harmful influences, undeveloped moral character, and general tendency to make poor choices. Two opinions involved regulation of speech that may influence children to engage in harmful speech or conduct, and one opinion found that a harsh criminal penalty imposed upon a juvenile violated his Eighth Amendment rights. These opinions could indicate that the Roberts Court will continue to protect children from harmful media influences and unfair penalties based on legislative fact-finding concerning children’s physical and psychological immaturity and unsettled moral character.