There have been several significant social, legal, and scientific changes in the criminal justice system and the forensic sciences since the 1970s that have dramatically altered the contours of the law-science interface. While this Article highlights several scientific and technical breakthroughs that have fundamentally enhanced the types of assistance that forensic science provides to the criminal justice system, its primary emphasis will be on the key legal, cultural, professional, and organizational changes that have shaped how science is used in today’s criminal justice system. DNA typing is, without question, the single greatest forensic scientific breakthrough in the past century, but there have been several other key changes, such as the following: landmark Supreme Court decisions have modified how our courts evaluate and admit scientific evidence; professional initiatives have addressed the credentials of forensic examiners, the quality of laboratory operations, and the accuracy of scientific evidence testing; and legal and popular culture has created an unprecedented awareness of, and appetite for, forensic science.