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Ellen S. Podgor and Roger S. Clark, Understanding International Criminal Law (2nd ed., Carolina Academic Press, 2008)Clicking on the button will copy the full recommended citation.
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Candace Zierdt and Ellen S. Podgor, Corporate Deferred Prosecution through the Looking Glass of Contract “Policing”, 96 Ky. L.J. 1 (2007)Clicking on the button will copy the full recommended citation.
This article examines deferred and non-prosecution agreements entered into between corporations and the Department of Justice (DOJ) through the lens of contract policing theory. It adds a new dimension to the contractual law now applicable to plea bargains and proffer agreements by suggesting key provisions that should be prohibited in deferred prosecution agreements. Three provisions common to many deferred prosecution agreements, or used by the government as leverage to secure a deferred prosecution agreement, are of particular interest here. These are: (1) the requirement of a corporation to waive its attorney-client privilege; (2) the determination of a breach of the agreement being within the sole province of the government; and (3) the provision that corporations not abide by previously negotiated contract terms that allow the corporation to pay the attorney fees of corporate employees. Specifically, this article examines the viability of specific provisions within these agreements when matched up against contract policing principles such as duress and unconscionability. This article concludes that corporations are deprived of basic contract rights as a result of the over-powering prosecutorial power used in reaching these agreements.
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Ellen S. Podgor, The Challenge of White Collar Sentencing, 97 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 731 (2007)Clicking on the button will copy the full recommended citation.
Sentencing white collar offenders is difficult in that the economic crimes committed clearly injured individuals, but the offenders do not present a physical threat to society. This Article questions the necessity of giving Draconian sentences, in some cases in excess of twenty-five years, to non-violent first offenders who commit white collar crimes. The attempts by the U.S. Sentencing Commission to achieve a neutral sentencing methodology, one that is class-blind, fails to respect the real differences presented by these offenders. As the term white-collar crime has sociological roots, it is advocated here that sociology needs to be a component in the sentencing of white collar offenders.
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Ellen S. Podgor, Essay, A New Corporate World Mandates a “Good Faith” Affirmative Defense, 44 Am. Crim. L. Rev. 1537 (2007)Clicking on the button will copy the full recommended citation.
In the aftermath of corporate scandals and the establishment of the President's Corporate Fraud Task Force, the Department of Justice has moved with a new emphasis to curb corporate criminality. Congress has also imposed new legislation with stricter compliance and more stringent oversight to curtail corporate criminality. Corporations for the most part have met these new demands and instituted effective compliance programs to prevent and detect criminal conduct. Yet despite these efforts, corporations with the best of motives, with the best of efforts, and with the utmost in due diligence, can still find themselves the subject of a criminal prosecution. This Essay advocates that this new landscape should allow corporations to argue a good faith affirmative defense.
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Ellen S. Podgor, Throwing Away the Key, 116 Yale L.J. Forum (2007)Clicking on the button will copy the full recommended citation.
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Ellen S. Podgor, White Collar Crime: A Letter From the Future, 5 Ohio St. J. Crim. L. 247 (2007)Clicking on the button will copy the full recommended citation.
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Ellen S. Podgor and Daniel M. Filler, International Criminal Jurisdiction in the Twenty-First Century: Rediscovering United States v. Bowman, 44 San Diego L. Rev. 585 (2007)Clicking on the button will copy the full recommended citation.
Laws Apply at Sea, Supreme Court Rules was the Washington Post headline for a story reporting the Supreme Court's November 13, 1922 decision of United States v. Bowman. In 1922, America had not yet imagined a globalized world where a local Washington D.C. phone call might be answered in New Delhi and where the notion of Americans making clothes and forging steel was becoming quaint and antiquated. Yet in the Bowman decision, the Court laid the groundwork for a twenty-first century defined by global commerce and crime without borders. Today, the Bowman decision receives relatively little attention. When it is cited, it is often misread by lower courts. But as this new century unfolds, Bowman is likely to be seen as a central decision in the evolution of international criminal jurisdiction. It is time to shine a new light on Bowman-a criminal procedure decision that has long been underrated and misunderstood.
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Ellen S. Podgor, The Impact of Criminal Sanctions on Corporate Misconduct, 2 J. Bus. & Tech. L. 119 (2007)Clicking on the button will copy the full recommended citation.
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Ellen S. Podgor, Incorporating Transnational Law in First Year Criminal Law and Procedure Classes, 56 J. Legal Educ. 444 (2006)Clicking on the button will copy the full recommended citation.
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Ellen S. Podgor, Book Review, Money Laundering and Legal Globalization: Where Does the United States Stand on this Issue?, 5 Wash. U. Global Stud. L. Rev. 151 (2006)Clicking on the button will copy the full recommended citation.