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Royal C. Gardner and C. Max Finlayson, Wetland Law and Policy: Overview, in The Wetland Book (C. Max Finlayson et al. eds., 2016)Clicking on the button will copy the full recommended citation.
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Royal C. Gardner et al., Bibliography of 2015 Scientific Publications on the Ramsar Convention or Ramsar Sites (2016)Clicking on the button will copy the full recommended citation.
This paper provides a consolidated and categorized bibliography of scientific articles published in 2015 that discuss the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands or individual Ramsar Sites. The articles are separated into two main categories: (a) articles that discuss the Ramsar Convention or its implementation generally, and (b) articles about wetland sites that are on the Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance. Articles in the latter category are further separated into subcategories by region (Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, North America, and Oceania). Each entry summarizes the article’s Ramsar connection. This bibliography is intended to facilitate research and provide timely, relevant article updates to the members of the Ramsar community.
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Royal C. Gardner et al., Science and Policy of U.S. Wetlands, 29 Tulane Envtl. L. Journal 31 (2015)Clicking on the button will copy the full recommended citation.
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Royal C. Gardner, International Environmental Law, 49 American Bar Association Section of International Law Year in Review 339 (2015)Clicking on the button will copy the full recommended citation.
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Royal C. Gardner et al., State of the World’s Wetlands and Their Services to People: A Compilation of Recent Analyses, (Ramsar Sci. & Technical Briefing Note no. 7, Ramsar Convention Secretariat) (2015)Clicking on the button will copy the full recommended citation.
Ramsar Resolution XI.17 requested the Convention’s Scientific and Technical Review Panel to report on the state of the world’s wetlands and their services to people. As a contribution to this task, this Briefing Note summarizes and highlights for Contracting Parties and other decision makers key points from select scientific reports and articles published in 2013 and 2014. In particular, the Briefing Note discusses wetland status and trends, the loss of wetland ecosystem services and future steps for data collection and assessment. The negative trends shown by recent studies should serve as a call to Contracting Parties to avoid further wetland loss and degradation and to strengthen wetland assessment, monitoring and restoration.
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Royal C. Gardner, Mitigation Enforcement, Breach of Contract, and the Law of Unintended Consequences, 37 Nat'l Wetlands Newsletter 11– (2015)Clicking on the button will copy the full recommended citation.
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Royal C. Gardner, Comments on Philip Garone’s The Fall and Rise of the Wetlands of California’s Great Central Valley, California 2014-11-01Clicking on the button will copy the full recommended citation.
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Royal C. Gardner, International Environmental Law, 47 American Bar Association Section of International Law Year in Review 435 (2013)Clicking on the button will copy the full recommended citation.
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Royal C. Gardner, The Legal Status of Environmental Credit Stacking, 40 Ecology L.Q. 713 (2013)Clicking on the button will copy the full recommended citation.
Environmental credit markets have been established to offset impacts to wetlands, endangered species habitat, water quality, and the global climate system. As these markets mature, participants are exploring the concept of credit stacking, whereby a conservation project or parcel produces different types of mitigation credits for multiple markets (such as wetland and endangered species credits or water quality and carbon sequestration credits). If these stacked credits are unbundled, they may be sold in different credit markets to offset impacts from different activities. Such transactions raise concerns about additionality, interagency coordination, verification of ecological improvements, monitoring and management, and transparency. This Article examines eight different credit stacking scenarios and the emerging rules that govern the sale of credits. Generally, there is diversity in how different federal and state agencies handle credit stacking, and they have not issued clear rules on when unbundling stacked credits is permissible. The Article closes with considerations that agencies could take into account in developing a credit stacking protocol to avoid double counting and ecological loss. The credit stacking scenario where it may be most appropriate to consider unbundling is when the accounting units are pollutant-specific, such as is the case with water quality and carbon markets.
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Royal C. Gardner, Incorporating Environmental Law into First-Year Research and Writing, 42 Envtl. L. Reporter News & Analysis 10941 (2012)Clicking on the button will copy the full recommended citation.