Context. The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands has considered agriculture–wetland interactions, but without linking policy responses to agricultural drivers of change.

Aims. Assess the disconnect between the rhetoric of analysing and reporting on the role of agriculture in wetland loss and degradation (the ‘drivers’) with actions on the ground (the ‘responses’).

Methods. An analysis of almost 400 Convention documents was undertaken to understand how the Convention has addressed agriculture and what
responses were identified. The documents were filtered through a word search for their relevance to the direct and indirect drivers of degradation in wetlands.

Key results. Although there was a focus on issues and problem framing and generic responses, they were insufficient to address the range of drivers
underpinning agriculture–wetland interactions. They also present a generic and partial viewof agriculture and broader food systems.

Conclusions. We make the following four recommendations for addressing the driver–response gap: deepening our understanding of the drivers in agriculture that affect wetlands; exploring and exploiting windows of opportunities within agriculture that are aligned with wetland use; enhancing our ability to work with indirect drivers; and ensuring that resolutions agreed through the Convention are more specific on key drivers of adverse change in wetlands.

Implications. The current impetus for ‘agriculture transformation’ creates an opportunity for the Convention to broaden its engagement in wetland–agriculture interactions and close the driver–response loop.